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Compression

Command 	Action

tar cf file.tar files 	create a tar named file.tar containing files

tar xf file.tar 	extract the files from file.tar

tar czf file.tar.gz files 	create a tar with Gzip compression

tar xzf file.tar.gz 	extract a tar using Gzip

tar cjf file.tar.bz2 	create a tar with Bzip2 compression

tar xjf file.tar.bz2 	extract a tar using Bzip2

gzip file 	compresses file and renames it to file.gz

gzip -d file.gz 	decompresses file.gz back to file


Disk Quotas

Command 	Action

du -s -h ~ 	returns the disk size of your home directory (and all files/folder within it)


File Commands

Command 	Action

ls 	directory listing

ls -al 	formatted listing with hidden files

cd 	change to home directory

cd dir 	change directory to dir

pwd 	show current directory

mkdir dir 	create a directory dir

rm file 	delete file

rm -r dir 	delete directory dir

rm -f file 	force remove file

rm -rf dir 	force remove directory dir; – use with extreme caution –

cp file1 file2 	copy file1 to file2

cp -r dir1 dir2 	copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn't exist

mv file1 file2 	rename or move file1 to file2 if file2 is an existing directory; moves file1 into directory file2

ln -s file link 	create symbolic link link to file

touch file 	create or update file

cat > file 	places standard input into file

more file 	output the contents of file

head file 	output the first 10 lines of file

tail file 	output the last 10 lines of file

tail -f file 	output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines


File Permissions

Command

chmod octal file

Change the permissions of file to octal, which can be found spearately for user, group, and world by adding:

4 - read (r)

2 - write (w)

1 - execute (x)


Examples:

chmod 777 - read, write, execute for all

chmod 755 - rwx for owner, rx for group and world

For more options, use command man chmod. For information on man see Linux Man (Manual) Pages.


Installation

Command 	Action

./configure

make

make install 	Install from source

dpkg -i pkg.deb 	install a package (Debian)

rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm 	install a package (RPM)


Network

Command 	Action

ping host 	ping host and output results

whois domain 	get whois information for domain

dig domain 	get DNS information for domain

dig -x host 	reverse lookup host

wget file 	download file

wget -c file 	continue a stopped download


Printing

Command 	Action

lpr filename 	Print the specified file filename

program | lpr -P printer 	Print output of the program program

lpr -#num-copies filename 	Print multiple copies of file filename

lpr -o sides-two-sided-long-edge filename 	Print file filename on both sides of paper

lpr -o page-ranges=range filename 	Print page ranges range (ex: 1-4,7,9-12) from file filename

lpr -o fit-to-page filename 	Print file filename so it scales to the page

lpr -o outputorder=reverse filename 	Print file filename in reverse order


Searching

Command 	Action

grep pattern files 	search for pattern in files

grep -r pattern dir 	search recursively for pattern in dir

command | grep pattern 	search for pattern in the output of command

locate file 	find all instances of file


Shortcuts

A (k) next to the command donates a keyboard command, not a typed command.

Command 	Action

(k) Ctrl+C 	halts the current command

(k) Ctrl+Z 	stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background

(k) Ctrl+D 	log out of current session, similar to exit

(k) Ctrl+W 	erases one word in the current line

(k) Ctrl+U 	erases the whole line

(k) Ctrl+R 	

!! 	repeats the last command

exit 	log out of current session


SSH

Command 	Action

ssh user@host 	connect to host as user

ssh -p port user@host 	connect to host on port port as user

ssh-copy-id user@host 	add your key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless login


System Info

Command 	Action

date 	show the current date and time

cal 	show this month's calendar

uptime 	show current uptime

w 	display who is online

whoami 	who you are logged in as

finger user 	display information about user

uname -a 	show kernel information

cat /proc/cpuinfo 	cpu information

cat /proc/meminfo 	memory information

man command 	shows the manual for command; see more @ Linux Man (Manual) Pages

df 	show disk usage

du 	show directory space usage

free 	show memory and swap usage

wheris app 	show possible locations of app

which app 	show which app will be run by default
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