Programming Language Genealogy

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There are five generations of programming languages:

• 1^st generation (late 1940s): machine languages
• 2^nd generation (late 1940s): assembly languages
• 3^rd generation (1950s): high-level languages such as C and Pascal
• 4^th generation (1950s): application-specific languages such as SQL
• 5^th generation (1980s): Japanese trying to apply artificial intelligence to programming to solve the software crisis