Historical Development of Databases (Cont.)
Third Generation (since mid 1990s) (Cont.)

Object-oriented data model (cont.)
Object- or extended- relational databases (Oracle 12c, DB2, ...)
It attempts to “add OO-ness to tables.” All database information is still in tables, but some of the tabular entries can have richer data structure, termed abstract data types (ADTs); i.e., the column values are NOT restricted by the first normal form rule (1NF).

The 1NF is the domain of each attribute contains only atomic values, and the value of each attribute contains only a single value from that domain.
students
sid name class telephone enrollment
lname fname cno major
1 Jones Allan 2 555-1234 101 No
108 Yes
2 Smith John 3 555-4321 105 No
3 Brown Harry 2 555-1122 101 Yes
108 No
5 White Edward 3 555-3344 102 No
105 No
Fourth Generation? [since late 2000s (decade)]

NoSQL data model
Much of current data processing requires horizontal scaling, faster speed, and processing different kinds of data. A NoSQL database is to meet the requirements by providing a simple and efficient mechanism for data storage and retrieval. The approach it uses is different from the one used by a relational database, a general-purpose data store.

Whereas a NoSQL database is normally a key–value store for simple insertion and retrieval operations. Check the NoSQL forecast: people who are looking for NoSQL are doing it mostly because it’s still “hype.”
Review: Database Model Definition
    Which data model is the IBM’s IMS (Information Management System) based on?

      Hierarchical data model
      Network data model
      NoSQL data model
      Object-oriented data model
      Object-relational data model
      Relational data model
        Result:




      Don’t cry over spilled milk.