Slide 1.8: (X)HTML, CSS, HTML DOM, and XML

Languages and Software to Be Used (Cont.)

(X)HTML [(eXtensible) HyperText Markup Language]
HTML is a language for giving instructions for its layout on the page and marking a document containing cross-references that indicates its logical structure. XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML.


<html> <body> <form action=""> <select name="cars" size="2"> <option value="volvo">Volvo</option> <option value="saab">Saab</option> <option value="fiat" selected="selected">Fiat</option> <option value="audi">Audi</option> </select> </form> </body> </html>

CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)
It is a style sheet language for specifying the appearance of text and other elements.


<html> <head> <style type="text/css"> body { background-color:#b0c4de; } </style> </head> <body> <center> <img src="http://undcemcs01.und.edu/~wen.chen.hu/course/457/1/figure/dog.gif" /> </center> </body> </html>

HTML DOM (Document Object Model)
The DOM defines a standard for accessing documents. HTML DOM allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of an HTML document. It will be used by AJAX.


<html> <head><script type="text/javascript"> function ChangeText( ) { document.getElementById("p1").innerHTML = "New text!"; } </script></head> <body> <p id="p1">Hello world!</p> <input type="button" onclick="ChangeText( )" value="Change text" /> </body> </html>

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
A specification that allows designers to create their own customized tags, enabling the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between applications and between organizations


<?xml version="1.0"?> <note> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <div>Don't forget me this weekend!</div> </note>