Smartphone (2000s)
The development of the smartphones was enabled by several key technological advances:
- The exponential scaling and miniaturization of MOSFETs (MOS transistors) down to sub-micron levels during the 1990s–2000s made it possible to build portable smart devices.
- The miniaturization also enables the transition from analog to faster digital wireless mobile networks.
- The lithium-ion battery, an indispensable energy source enabling long battery life, invented in the 1980s and commercialized in 1991.
| In addition, the development of more mature software platforms that allowed mobile device ecosystems to develop independently of data providers. The figure on the right shows the components of an iPhone. |
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The figure below shows a typical system structure for smartphones, which includes the following six major components:
| (i) a mobile operating system, (ii) a mobile central processor unit, (iii) a mobile browser, (iv) input and output devices and methods, (v) data storage, and (vi) batteries. |
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